SoftPro Blog

Seller Impersonation Fraud: Best Practices for Title Companies

Written by SoftPro | 10/6/25 5:53 PM

You’ve likely heard about seller impersonation fraud by now, but knowing it exists and understanding how it plays out are two different things. These schemes are becoming more sophisticated, so understanding the schematics is imperative for title professionals.

Why? Because the scale of the problem is staggering! The average title insurance fraud or forgery claim exceeds $143,000. Making matters worse, criminals are harnessing AI-driven identity forgery and easy digital access to public records, giving them the tools to bypass traditional safeguards.

In this blog, we’ll break down what seller impersonation fraud is, highlight the red flags agencies must watch for, outline best practices for prevention, and show how technology is equipping title agencies to stay one step ahead of fraudsters.

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Seller Impersonation Fraud: Best Practices for Title Companies

What is Seller Impersonation Fraud?

You probably already know this, but let’s do a quick primer. Seller impersonation fraud occurs when criminals pose as legitimate property owners to sell land or homes they don’t actually own. These schemes often involve forged identification and falsified documents, creating the illusion of a valid transaction.

 

The most common targets are: 

  • Vacant lots and rural properties
  • Rental or investment properties
  • Mortgage-free homes

 

Vacant or absentee-owned properties are particularly vulnerable because they’re often not monitored closely, giving fraudsters more time to complete a fraudulent sale before the true owner discovers the problem.


The damage is immediate and severe. Both the unsuspecting buyer (who may lose significant funds) and the rightful property owner (who could face costly legal battles to reclaim their title) become victims.

 

How Fraudsters Operate

These schemes are often carefully planned. Criminals exploit publicly available land and tax records to harvest owner names, signatures, and property details. Forged IDs and falsified notarizations allow them to pass as the rightful property owner.


Here’s how these fraudsters operate:

  • Convince a real estate agent to list the property below market value to create urgency.
  • Push for a quick sale (often within three weeks).
  • Avoid in-person meetings, insisting on remote communication only.

The difficulty is that these criminals thrive at the same speed and convenience that consumers expect in a modern real estate transaction. The pressure to rush, whether from clients or your own internal deadlines, can make it tempting to skip steps. That’s why it’s imperative that “slowing down” be part of your team’s culture. Encouraging your staff to pause, verify, and validate protects both clients and settlement agents. 


Of course, knowing exactly what to look for is the first step.

Red Flags of Seller Impersonation Fraud

Fraudsters may be clever, but they rarely operate without leaving clues. These red flags typically fall into two categories:

Property-Based Red Flags:

  • The property is vacant land or absentee-owned (investment, vacation, or rental).
  • The listing price falls significantly below market value.
  • The property is free and clear of any mortgage or liens.
  • The owner’s address does not match the tax mailing address.

Seller-Based Red Flags:

  • Pushes for a quick sale, often within three weeks.
  • Refuses in-person meetings and communicates only by text or email.
  • Claims to be out-of-state or abroad and will not join a video call.
  • Requests a cash buyer or demands that proceeds be wired.
  • Refuses or fails multifactor authentication or ID verification.
  • Insists on using their own notary.
  • Presents ID or signatures that do not match existing records.

Recognizing these warning signs early and talking to your customers so they can identify them before the file even gets to you gives you and your team the chance to once again pause, investigate, and stop fraud before it reaches the closing table.

Best Practices for Prevention and Protection

While seller impersonation fraud is sophisticated, title agencies can significantly reduce risk by building layered defenses. Here’s a practical checklist to adopt:

  • Reach out directly: Call or mail the seller using contact information from official tax records, not just what’s on the listing.
  • Check with the real estate agent: Ask if they’ve actually met the seller or can vouch for their identity. If they can’t, be extra vigilant in confirming the seller is who they say they are before it’s too late.
  • Be intentional with notarization: Only use trusted notaries. If your state allows, consider remote online notarization (RON). Otherwise, arrange the signing at a secure office location. (These “sellers” will often push for their own notary to do the work.)
  • Double-check identity: Run details through a verification service (such as reverse phone look-up to confirm seller’s phone number matches the property owner’s name), use an ID authentication tool when possible, and ask a few property-specific questions only the real owner would know.
  • Look into the public records: Compare the seller’s signature to past recorded documents and make sure the sales price makes sense with appraisals or past values.
  • Be the source of information in your community: Make sure everyone in your professional network - county recorders, real estate agents, and lenders - understands the risks and red flags.

Another step is to take advantage of the protections the American Land Title Association (ALTA) recently put in place. ALTA introduced new title insurance endorsements that provide post-policy coverage against forged deeds and mortgages, an added safeguard you can offer to clients who want peace of mind beyond closing. They’ve also updated the ALTA Best Practices framework, which emphasizes stronger identity verification, ongoing staff training, and careful oversight of notaries and signing agents. Incorporating these measures into your operations not only helps reduce risk but also shows your clients and real estate partners that you’re taking every available measure to protect them.

The agentTRAX ionFraud Integration in SoftPro 360

Though education and training are essential, technology also provides an added layer of defense that settlement agents can put to work immediately. SoftPro 360, our free vendor portal, offers an integration to help combat seller impersonation fraud. The ionFraud functionality that is part of Fidelity National Financial’s (FNF) agentTRAX gives title professionals an early warning system to help identify potential seller impersonation risks at the earliest stage of a transaction.

Key Features:

  • Absentee Owner Search: Quickly determines whether a property is vacant or non-owner-occupied.
  • Value Threshold Check: Flags transactions listed well below market value.
  • Verification Letter: Generates a templated letter to send property owners, confirming awareness of the pending transaction.
  • U.S. Secret Service Flyer: Provides red flag tips from the United States Secret Service to help your staff recognize suspicious activity.

While the greatest value of ionFraud lies in surfacing critical red flags before fraud can progress, early detection also helps you avoid wasted time and resources.

Currently, the absentee owner search is only available through agentTRAX for FNF agents. However, SoftPro is exploring ways to offer comparable solutions for customers who are not affiliated with FNF. Other underwriters may provide similar tools and resources to fight fraud, so don’t hesitate to ask your other affiliate underwriters for more information. 

The Bottom Line 

Seller impersonation fraud is not a passing threat; it’s a crime that will continue to evolve as fraudsters adapt their methods. Staying ahead means staying aware of every stage of the transaction and never overlooking red flags. When you combine informed staff, sound procedures, and technology, you create the layered protection needed to stop fraud before it causes lasting damage. The result is stronger security for clients, communities, and the industry as a whole.

To learn more about the ionFraud integration in SoftPro 360, contact the SoftPro team today.

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